Landscape painting advocates living and swimming, and has been loved by scholars since ancient times. Although it is a small room, it can be thought of lying and swimming for thousands of miles. Landscape painting advocates distant meaning, although the series of mountains, stretching hundreds of thousands of miles, and its meaning is especially hundreds of thousands of miles away.
Guo Xi said in “Lin Quan Gao Zhi” : “mountains to water as blood, to grass and trees as hair, to smoke clouds as God color, so the mountain water and live, grass and flowers, smoke clouds and beautiful.” It can be seen that in landscape paintings, rocks, clouds, trees, figures, boats and Bridges have their own magical uses. So what’s the mystery? Today, let’s walk into the “A Thousand Li of rivers and mountains” exhibition in a different way, and fine taste the landscape.
南宋 佚名 江上青峰图页（峰）
See the ridge side of the peak, the distance and height are different. The mountain is impermanent, but it has common sense.
明 朱朗 北固山图页（顶）
The ancients named different mountain shapes respectively, and according to the accounts of the past dynasties, there are about 30 kinds of names. Jing Hao of the Five Dynasties described several important forms in “Bi Fa Ji” : “The peak, the flat top, the round mountains, the connected mountains, the caves, the cliffs, the cliffs and the rocks.” Peaks and mountains are the most common forms.
明 董其昌 仿古山水册
The northern mountains are strong and vigorous, with dense forests on the top of the mountain, overlapping waterfalls among the mountains, abrupt rocks in the water, and long pine trees at the bottom of the mountain, with a hard and thick trend.
明 刘度 西湖十景图册（岭）
The south to wear ma Cun write soil mountain, soil loose waxing, wrinkle method infiltration soft, mountain top alum head, more gravel at the foot of the mountain, the water side to write flat sand shallow Zhu, its embellished flat forest miscellaneous trees, a Jiangnan scene.
石法
南宋 王希孟 千里江山图卷（石质）
Stone, the bone of heaven and earth also, the bone is deep but not shallow.
A single stone is often the prospect of a painting, and the performance of a single stone is also the premise of the performance of the whole mountain, so compared with the performance of the mountain, the texture of the stone should be the strongest in the picture.
明 董其昌 仿古山水图册（土质）
In the green landscape, the form of stone mainly has two types: hard square fold shape and thick round shape. The former is mostly stone, which should be expressed by alternating strokes in the middle side. The latter are mostly soil and should be performed by the center.
云法
清 弘仁 黄山图册·天都峰
“Mountains without smoke and clouds are like spring without flowers and flowers.”
Han Zhuo “mountains and rivers pure complete” cloud: “Fu Tongshan gas, to the cloud as the total also. Clouds spring from deep valleys and darken the heavens. They darken the sun and hide the sky. He said, “But the bodies of clouds do not come together. When it is light, it is smoke, when it is heavy, it is fog, when it floats, it is mist, and when it disperses, it is gas.” Know the clouds and mist, mutual transformation, can be used. There are roughly four common cloud methods in landscape painting:
北宋 王诜 烟江叠嶂图卷（勾云法）
Cloud drawing method, with the pen line to draw out the parade of clouds, flow trend, short line to show the thickness and accumulation of clouds; The long line shows the flow and elegance of the cloud. There are few pen lines above the cloud, and there are dense pen lines below, which shows the Yin and Yang relationship of the cloud.
明 丁云鹏 云山硃楼图扇页（施粉法）
Powder application method, on the basis of the cloud, with white powder, mostly used in big green landscape.
明 陆治 支硎山图页（空云法）
The law of empty clouds does not mention the clouds, but makes the clouds grow by dyeing the mountains and trees.
明 赵左 荷乡清夏图页（干擦法）
Dry rub method, use dry brush brush to wipe the stone, gradually into the void and see clouds and smoke. In addition, the ancients painted clouds with blowing cloud method, wet silk, embellished light powder, vertical mouth blowing, this method rarely developed later.
树法
南宋 赵伯骕 万松金阙图卷
There are two basic drawing methods of leaf bit leaf and clip leaf, and the basic knot is the “pin” shape structure.
明 蓝瑛 松壑清泉图轴（向下枫叶点、花形双勾叶点）
Leaf tree method is like the white painting in figure painting, first outline the outline of the object with lines, and then render it with color. Color commonly used stone blue, stone green, garcinia, cinnabar, etc., due to the different seasons and climate change.
清 萧云从 山水图卷（刺松点、平头点）
The method of dotting leaves appeared with the rise of ink painting in the Five Dynasties and the two Song Dynasties, and was flexible and changeable in the green landscape. Flat head point, for the horizontal short ink line, with the lateral horizontal stroke to draw, the handwriting is often clumsy interest. The line arrangement must be uneven, emphasizing the change of ink color.
Pepper dots are dense, round dots. Jie word point leaf shape droop, each small unit shape such as “jie” word, hence the name. In a painting, the double hook method and the dot leaf method are often interspersed to enhance the line contrast effect and the sense of rhythm of the picture.
水法
明 仇英 玉洞仙缘图
Water, the blood of heaven and earth, blood flow around without stagnation. In general, it can be divided into three categories: drying method, pure ink or color rendering, no pen line outline. The method of leaving white, that is, counting white when black, such as Zhao Zuo’s “landscape map page”, the water wave is not a pen, only from the slope of the wrinkle dye, between the water gravel, so as to understand.
明 赵左 山水图页（留白法）
Due to the changing water potential, the hydrological appearance of rivers and seas are different, or misty, or tortuous loops, or rushing water, or stormy waves, so often with different pen lines, supplemented by rendering, called hook dyeing method. According to their different combinations, they can also be subdivided:
元 胡廷晖 春山泛艇图轴（平波式）
In the flat wave form, tens of thousands of ripples start with one stroke, then two lives, two lives, three lives. Slightly decorated with ripples, a clear lake sky, the image of vast expanse of blue waves will appear on the paper. Zhan Ziqian’s “Spring Tour Map” and Zhao Bosu’s “Wan Song Jin Que Map” are similar to this water method.
仇英 莲溪渔隐图轴（曲折式）
The zigzag water pattern is connected to the circular arc pen line into a zigzag shape, the stroke is continuous, the shape is like the wind dance belt, smooth and unimpeded. Or because the wind turns, or there is a reef beach, causing the water to circle, forming a vortex.
盛懋 渔樵问答图页（网巾式）
If the lake is diffuse and wide, the water waves move slightly, it is often manifested by net towel water. Its brushwork is rambling and long, “the line bends down, the line bends up”, connected to each other, weaving like a net.
明 刘度 海市图卷（浪涛式）
As for the sea, the waves are mighty, and the great waves are rolling, mostly in the form of waves. In Liu Du’s “City of Hai”, the use of bird ‘s-eye view painting, artistic conception is open, fine and neat, in the painting, the tide is rushing like ten thousand horses galloping, unstoppable.
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